LIBERATION THROUGH CANCER
Three years ago Adele Roberts (ND Pharmacology 2000) feared the worst. The-then 42-year-old was told by her doctor she had stage two bowel cancer. “I didn’t know anything about it,” she says. “I just heard the word and that was it.”
Adele felt fit, healthy, and was at the pinnacle of her career – she’d recently become the first black woman to host the BBC Radio 1 Breakfast show and had just completed two marathons.
Her symptoms? A bloated tummy, lethargy, and blood in the stool. “I thought I was going to be diagnosed with an irritable bowel. I was shocked.
“But then the doctor told me they could help me. Suddenly I’d been given a second chance.”
Having spent her career getting “caught up on the past” and “worrying about the future” Adele adopted a new mantra. “All we have is today,” says Adele. “Cancer was freeing. Things happen, but all that matters is how you respond.”
In Adele’s case, that meant setting the Guinness World Record time for running a marathon with a stoma (in a remarkable 3 hours 30 minutes, a record which Adele has since broken) – less than a year after completing chemotherapy. She trained every day through treatment – despite sores on her tongue, hands and feet which left her “weeping” during the night, unable to open bottles or walk across the room. Within 18 months, she was gliding across TV screens to finish third on ITV’s Dancing on Ice. And most recently, she has set about completing six world major marathons in the space of eight months in a cumulative world record time.
“I think happiness is a choice. I chose to be positive.”
I know hard work pays off. Dad taught me that if you lay one brick at a time you’ll end up with a house.
A new outlook, which was complemented by a dogged determination forged through Adele’s upbringing. Adele’s dad was a builder and her mum worked a number of jobs; Adele was the eldest of their six children. “I know hard work pays off,” she says. “Dad taught me that if you lay one brick at a time you’ll end up with a house.”
Under the guise of eventually becoming a doctor, Adele chose Leeds for its unrivalled night life. “I secretly wanted to be a DJ, and I’d set my sights on a night club called Speed Queen. I did everything in my power to get a job there. Girls didn’t really DJ back then – people thought I was pretty weird.” She would eventually drop out of her degree to pursue the dream, but not before joining Leeds Student Radio, which helped set the foundations for her future career.
Adele insists she was “never talented”, yet she has built a dedicated following – including royal admirers: “Prince William told me recently that when he worked the air ambulance he used to text into my Radio 1 show under a fake name,” Adele laughs. “I gave him shout outs all the time without realising who it was.”
Most comfortable on the radio and off camera, Adele put herself front and centre once her stoma was fitted. Her new companion – which she named Audrey – was a surprise after Adele woke up from surgery and looked under the sheets. “It looked like the plant from Little Shop of Horrors, so that’s where the name came from.” Adele documented her journey through social media posts, and Audrey starred on the cover shoot for Women’s Health magazine.
“I’ve been the odd one out for a lot of my life – the only gay person in my close family or the only mixed-race person in my class. I understand the power of seeing someone representing you, someone who looks like you. People with stomas shouldn’t feel shame, and that’s why I try to represent them.”
In Adele’s latest running challenge she is fundraising for Cancer Research UK and the Attitude Magazine Foundation, which supports a range of causes across the LGBTQ community. She is competing with the demands of Audrey, which means a lot of “spinning plates”, balancing the need to eat food and gels during the events with the time-costly consequence of emptying the bag. But Adele wants to show what is possible.
She approaches it with the same determined positivity she did her cancer diagnosis. “What’s the worst that can happen?” Adele says. “It already has. And I survived.”
Adele documented her journey with a stoma to help overcome stigma
Adele holds the Guinness World Record for running a marathon with a stoma
In her latest challenge, Adele is running six major world marathons in eight months
Leeds’s bowel cancer research
Bowel cancer is diagnosed in 1.9 million patients across the globe and 44,000 people in the UK each year. It is the second most common cause of cancer death in the UK.
Researchers at the University of Leeds are leading the way to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
“Our bowel cancer research in Leeds is helping us diagnose cancer earlier, treat it more effectively and help identify the right treatment for the right patient,” said David Sebag-Montefiore, Professor of Clinical Oncology at the University of Leeds who specialises in the treatment of bowel cancer.
“It is fantastic that Adele has chosen to share her story, and it is truly inspirational - her achievements living with “Audrey” are quite incredible.
“A temporary or permanent colostomy is sometimes necessary to safely and effectively treat bowel cancer. By showing what can be achieved, Adele will unquestionably help empower people to overcome the barriers and associated stigma to live fuller and better lives.”
Explore three recent breakthroughs made by teams at the University.
Discovering the genetics behind bowel cancer
Professor Phil Quirke and researchers at Leeds, in collaboration with colleagues across the UK, characterised the genome profile of over 2,000 bowel cancer patients – which will provide a vital resource for the scientific community to uncover how the cancer develops, grows and responds to treatments.
The groundbreaking study was the most comprehensive analysis of the genetic makeup of bowel cancers to date. Researchers identified more than 250 genes that play a part in the development of colorectal cancers, and a number of new colorectal cancer sub-groups. These sub-groups have specific genetic characteristics, which means they respond differently to therapy and have different patient outcomes – findings which could lead to the development of tailored treatments based on genetics.
Researchers were also able to investigate some of causes of genetic mutation across individuals. They discovered a process that is more active in cancers affecting younger patients; the cause is currently unknown, but it might be linked to diet and smoking.
The study has provided a vital resource for the scientific community and a promising foundation for future investigation. The results are available to other researchers, who have been invited to build on the data by undertaking more focused projects based on the bowel cancer genome.
The Grand Challenge
Phil, along with several researchers at Leeds, is also part of a £20 million “Grand Challenge” project, funded by Cancer Research UK, and is working to unravel the link between the gut microbiome and bowel cancer.
They have demonstrated the role played by colibactin, a toxin produced by the E. Coli bacterium in the gut microbiome, which causes unique patterns of DNA damage to cells lining the gut – one of the earliest processes that starts bowel cancer. They have gone on to describe the complex microbiome present in all bowel cancers and are developing a screening test to help identify bowel cancer earlier. Their research has expanded to a range of clinical trials to understand the role of the microbiome in response to therapy.
Determining the best anti-cancer treatment
Funded by Yorkshire Cancer Research, Professor Jenny Seligman is leading a series of clinical trials in patients with colon cancer, which will help decide the best anti-cancer treatments to use before surgery.
Bowel cancer patients are usually treated with surgery first, and may go on to have chemotherapy afterwards to help prevent the cancer coming back.
But in the first study in the series – named the FOxTROT trials – researchers found that six weeks of chemotherapy before an operation was not only safe for patients, it led to fewer serious complications following surgery. Chemotherapy treatment often caused the tumour to shrink, potentially making surgery less complex. It also resulted in cancer returning in fewer patients, improving survival rates.
Further trials have followed to establish whether the approach works in older, frailer patients; whether intensified chemotherapy can further improve benefits in patients who can tolerate more intensive treatment; and the impact of treatment (including immunotherapy) targeted to specific tumour mutations.
“The trials will save lives and improve the experience of patients,” said Professor Seligman. “As well as providing an opportunity to take part in research, which is known to improve survival rates, the trials will help bring gold-standard treatment to participating hospitals.”
Using Artificial Intelligence to identify the treatment pathway
A world-leading team of researchers including Dr Nick West, Dr Christopher Williams and Professor David Sebag-Montefiore, in collaboration with experts worldwide, have used AI to predict the outcome of treatment in bowel cancer.
In one study an AI algorithm was used to assess the number of immune cells known as CD3 positive lymphocytes inside early-stage bowel cancer tumours in colon cancer. This number reliably showed which stage II cancers were likely to recur within five years of surgery – knowledge which could then be used to decide which patients may need further treatment such as chemotherapy. This is because CD3 cells can attack the cancer, helping the body tackle the disease.
In a second study, AI was used to identify specific biomarkers in rectal cancer patients. This made it possible to identify subgroups of patients who were much more likely to benefit from a standard combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy and those less likely to benefit and in whom new treatment approaches should be tested.
This has the potential to be the most important test patients with early-stage bowel cancer ask for.